Tuesday, 16 December 2008
Historical
-Calvin Klein- “obsession” (1985)
Women are represented as sex objects as they are an obsession fantasised by men, which men want for only one reason. At the end she says “There are many loves but only one obsession”- suggesting sex is an obsession. Also in the advert she is wearing white which contradicts her actions as white symbolises purity and innocence and her actions are totally opposite, which gives a representation of both “Madonna” and “whore”.
Link: http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=h7UHA_tr7S0
-Calvin Klein- “obsession” (1985)
Women are represented as sex objects as they are an obsession fantasised by men, which men want for only one reason. At the end she says “There are many loves but only one obsession”- suggesting sex is an obsession. Also in the advert she is wearing white which contradicts her actions as white symbolises purity and innocence and her actions are totally opposite, which gives a representation of both “Madonna” and “whore”.
Link: http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=h7UHA_tr7S0
FEMALE DIRECTORS
1- Lynne Ramsey- Born in Glasgow, graduated from UK’s National Film and Television School in 1995. Directed films such as “Small Deaths” and “Kill the Day”.
2- Catherine Hardwicke’s from Texas USA- directed the 2008 hit film "Twilight". It is a hard action packed movie about a love between a vampire and a human. It is based on the number 1 selling series "30 weeks and Counting".
3- Mary Harron- Canadian director- directed the hit film "American Psycho". It's a film about a wealthy man working at his fathers company on Wall Street who goes deeper into his fantasies and kills for no reason.
4- Gurinder Chadha- born in Kenya, grew up in Southall. Directed “Angus Thongs and Perfect Snogging”
1- Lynne Ramsey- Born in Glasgow, graduated from UK’s National Film and Television School in 1995. Directed films such as “Small Deaths” and “Kill the Day”.
2- Catherine Hardwicke’s from Texas USA- directed the 2008 hit film "Twilight". It is a hard action packed movie about a love between a vampire and a human. It is based on the number 1 selling series "30 weeks and Counting".
3- Mary Harron- Canadian director- directed the hit film "American Psycho". It's a film about a wealthy man working at his fathers company on Wall Street who goes deeper into his fantasies and kills for no reason.
4- Gurinder Chadha- born in Kenya, grew up in Southall. Directed “Angus Thongs and Perfect Snogging”
FIVE REASONS WHY WOMEN DIRECTORS ARE RARE
1- Because they have other duties such as looking after there kids, and they can’t do this as being a director means to fully commit to that and only that
2- It is a very male dominant industry as its business orientated, which is male dominant, and its more about who you know-so men are at every level leaving no space for women.
3- Many women believe they can’t make it
4- There’s a hierarchy of men which means men are in charge of mostly everything making it hard for women. Female directors don't make the effort to send in their projects, which makes people think whether or not they really want to enter the industry
5-Female directors don't make the effort to send in their projects, which makes people think whether or not they really want to enter the industry
1- Because they have other duties such as looking after there kids, and they can’t do this as being a director means to fully commit to that and only that
2- It is a very male dominant industry as its business orientated, which is male dominant, and its more about who you know-so men are at every level leaving no space for women.
3- Many women believe they can’t make it
4- There’s a hierarchy of men which means men are in charge of mostly everything making it hard for women. Female directors don't make the effort to send in their projects, which makes people think whether or not they really want to enter the industry
5-Female directors don't make the effort to send in their projects, which makes people think whether or not they really want to enter the industry
Gender and Advertising
Gunter(1995)
theorist looks at gender and how women are being represented in magazines, in different decades. He found women in magazines adverts before 1970’s are hardly shown in paid work and if they were jobs would be associated with the female gender, ie secretary or a hairdresser. Gunter also concludes that the 'housewife' image was in decline after the 50's but was still quite common in the 60's and 70's. Even though women were shown more as working women, Gunter still found that women were shown to be performing domestic duties.
Cumberbatch (1995) l
ooked at 500 prime time tv ads in the uk and found advertisers had become wary of showing women doing housework, seen in 7% of the ad's, However for the first time it was shown men were doing cooking, but only on special occasions, and not as frequent as women did.
Scheibe (1979)
looked at T.V ad's and did an assessment of what male and female characters were shown to be concerned about. It was concluded women in ad's were more concerned about beauty, cleanliness, family and pleasing others, whereas men were only concerned about achievements and having fun.
Macdonald (1995)
"advertisers generally lagged behind women's magazines in the cultivation of new modes of address, even when the evidence suggested that commercial advantages could be gained from modernising their approach", macdonalds suggests advertisers do nothing to update and modernise women’s stereotypes.
Greer-
"every woman knows that she is a failure if she is not beautiful", This suggests a women is not a women if she is not physically attractive "Thirty years ago it was enough to look beautiful now a woman has to have a tight, toned body, including her buttocks and thighs, so that she is in good touch all over",
Walters (1998).
"If only 4% of men think that they are attractive, we should not be too quick to argue that only women feel cast down by the pressures of beautiful ideals" (1998). She also suggest attractive people earn more money.
Cortese,
wrote in the book called 'provocateur', women are shown to be the perfect provocateur as they are made to look like this through editing ect…. “Displays youth, good looks, sexual seductiveness and [beauty] perfection", in adverts women are made to look perfect promiscuous
Gunter(1995)
theorist looks at gender and how women are being represented in magazines, in different decades. He found women in magazines adverts before 1970’s are hardly shown in paid work and if they were jobs would be associated with the female gender, ie secretary or a hairdresser. Gunter also concludes that the 'housewife' image was in decline after the 50's but was still quite common in the 60's and 70's. Even though women were shown more as working women, Gunter still found that women were shown to be performing domestic duties.
Cumberbatch (1995) l
ooked at 500 prime time tv ads in the uk and found advertisers had become wary of showing women doing housework, seen in 7% of the ad's, However for the first time it was shown men were doing cooking, but only on special occasions, and not as frequent as women did.
Scheibe (1979)
looked at T.V ad's and did an assessment of what male and female characters were shown to be concerned about. It was concluded women in ad's were more concerned about beauty, cleanliness, family and pleasing others, whereas men were only concerned about achievements and having fun.
Macdonald (1995)
"advertisers generally lagged behind women's magazines in the cultivation of new modes of address, even when the evidence suggested that commercial advantages could be gained from modernising their approach", macdonalds suggests advertisers do nothing to update and modernise women’s stereotypes.
Greer-
"every woman knows that she is a failure if she is not beautiful", This suggests a women is not a women if she is not physically attractive "Thirty years ago it was enough to look beautiful now a woman has to have a tight, toned body, including her buttocks and thighs, so that she is in good touch all over",
Walters (1998).
"If only 4% of men think that they are attractive, we should not be too quick to argue that only women feel cast down by the pressures of beautiful ideals" (1998). She also suggest attractive people earn more money.
Cortese,
wrote in the book called 'provocateur', women are shown to be the perfect provocateur as they are made to look like this through editing ect…. “Displays youth, good looks, sexual seductiveness and [beauty] perfection", in adverts women are made to look perfect promiscuous
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