1960-‘Bonnie and Clyde’ [1967]
In the 1960’s there was a sexual revolution for women, this movement is clearly shown in the text as the first shot is a close up of her lips, which are red and full-connoting sex. Also she is naked lying on the bed banging the bed post with her hand, connoting she is sexually frustrated. Furthermore the fact she goes up to the window naked suggests she is promiscuous representing her of a “whore”. However when she comes out of the house she is wearing a light coloured dress suggesting she is innocent showing a “Madonna” side to her. In addition the stereotype of blondes being “bimbos” is also shown her actions are very flimsy. Also when Clyde suggests she is a “maid” or “waitress” connotes women are only good for these jobs and are to unintelligent for any important jobs. Moreover Gunter said only 20% of characters were women, this is seen in this text as the only women on screen was Bonnie.
link:http://uk.youtube.com/watch?v=C0j6ghtjNto
Tuesday, 16 December 2008
Tuesday, 9 December 2008
Book Research
"Degrading and trivialising views of women"- Dyer, Gillan (1987) "introduction" in Baehut, Helen and Dyer, Gillian, Boxed In: Women and Television, London: Pandora
"viwers were encouraged to identify with the protaganist who tended to be a man" Mulvey, Laura (1975) "visual pleasure and narrative Cinema"
"Highlighting a womens to-be-looked-at-ness"
Wolf argues that "Women's bodies and female sexuality have become commodities and the consequences of this are mental and physical illness, stravation diets and eating disorders"Dr. Work
Alice Embree argued that 'women were seen as bodies, not people (1970, 206)"
Feminism, Femininity and popular culture by joanne howan (02)
'Hollywood films are a narrative cinema and the narrative is usually told via a male perspective' mulvey
http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/gaze/gaze09.html
Freud argues the 'men unconsciously see women as castrated and this causes them to feel anxiety which is why fertishization objects are used in order to reduce anxiety.'
O'Sullivan,Tim, Jewkes,Yvonne (1997-reprinted in 2004): The Media Studies Reader,Arnold, Edward- whole book relevant as information on womens career representation and useful to my text as Angleina Joli represented as a more superior perosn then the men in the film 'wanted' 08.
“Only 3% of women were represented as housewives as their main occupation”. 92-93 Legates, Marlene (2001): In Their Time. Great Britain: Routledge.
"Degrading and trivialising views of women"- Dyer, Gillan (1987) "introduction" in Baehut, Helen and Dyer, Gillian, Boxed In: Women and Television, London: Pandora
"viwers were encouraged to identify with the protaganist who tended to be a man" Mulvey, Laura (1975) "visual pleasure and narrative Cinema"
"Highlighting a womens to-be-looked-at-ness"
Wolf argues that "Women's bodies and female sexuality have become commodities and the consequences of this are mental and physical illness, stravation diets and eating disorders"Dr. Work
Alice Embree argued that 'women were seen as bodies, not people (1970, 206)"
Feminism, Femininity and popular culture by joanne howan (02)
'Hollywood films are a narrative cinema and the narrative is usually told via a male perspective' mulvey
http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/gaze/gaze09.html
Freud argues the 'men unconsciously see women as castrated and this causes them to feel anxiety which is why fertishization objects are used in order to reduce anxiety.'
O'Sullivan,Tim, Jewkes,Yvonne (1997-reprinted in 2004): The Media Studies Reader,Arnold, Edward- whole book relevant as information on womens career representation and useful to my text as Angleina Joli represented as a more superior perosn then the men in the film 'wanted' 08.
“Only 3% of women were represented as housewives as their main occupation”. 92-93 Legates, Marlene (2001): In Their Time. Great Britain: Routledge.
Tuesday, 2 December 2008
GENDER REPRESENATIONS IN THE PAST
WOMEN AND MEN ON TV
1950'S, 1960'S AND 1970'S only 20-30% of characters were female.
Mid 1980's there were more women leading roles, but there were twice as many men on screen.
Mid 1970's (Miles, 1975) found there were nearly equal proportions of men and women in situation comedies, however, gender roles and humour could still be traditional and sexist.
Only 15% of women were leading characters in adventurous and action shows.
In 1987, it was found female roles to be most common in comedy programmes (43%).
1970's, marriage, parenthood and domesticity were shown to be more important to women than men.
Study by McNeil (1975) concluded that women's movement was largely ignored by television, with married housewives being the main female role.
Studies in the 1970's found men to be the more dominant characters
Men were seen as assertive or aggressive, and women were seen as passive.
Men were also seen as active and victorious and Women were also seen as weak and victimised or merely "Token Females". (Gunter, 1995).
MC NEIL (1970)-found men were to be the more dominant characters and the decision makers
Overall men were more assertive and women were passive
WOMEN AND MEN ON TV
1950'S, 1960'S AND 1970'S only 20-30% of characters were female.
Mid 1980's there were more women leading roles, but there were twice as many men on screen.
Mid 1970's (Miles, 1975) found there were nearly equal proportions of men and women in situation comedies, however, gender roles and humour could still be traditional and sexist.
Only 15% of women were leading characters in adventurous and action shows.
In 1987, it was found female roles to be most common in comedy programmes (43%).
1970's, marriage, parenthood and domesticity were shown to be more important to women than men.
Study by McNeil (1975) concluded that women's movement was largely ignored by television, with married housewives being the main female role.
Studies in the 1970's found men to be the more dominant characters
Men were seen as assertive or aggressive, and women were seen as passive.
Men were also seen as active and victorious and Women were also seen as weak and victimised or merely "Token Females". (Gunter, 1995).
MC NEIL (1970)-found men were to be the more dominant characters and the decision makers
Overall men were more assertive and women were passive
Gender representations today
It was in the 1990’s that gender roles on T.V became more equal and non-stereotyped, however majority of lead roles were males.
In prime T.V 1992-1993 61% of speaking roles were men and in 1995-1996 this increased to 63%.
However in 1995-1996 it was found in a greater range of programmes 43% of major actors were female
In the study done in 1992-1993 it was found only 3% of women were represented as housewives as their occupation- this was a major decrease from the 1970s.
Elasmer, Hasegawa and Brain (1999)- found “women on prime T.V in early 1990s were young, single, independent, and had free from family and work place pressures”
FEMALE ROLE MODELS
Programmes such as "Ally McBeal" (1997) and "Sex and the City" (1998) put successful women at the forefront and focuses on their paths to and for sex, pleasure and romantic love. This then shows women in a different light, representing them as provocative and promiscuous, rather than the traditional House wife and Homemaker.
Friends - shows that there has been an increase in equality between both genders.
A study by psychologists, Muncer, Campbell, Jervis and Lewis (2001), respond to the growing concern of the Media term "Ladettes", these are women who are assertive with an aggressive attitude which are usually associated with "Lads". The study talks about whether "girls power" leads to "girl violence".
GENDER REPRESENTATIONS IN SOME RECENT MOVIES
Lara Croft Tomb Raider (2001)-“girl power icon is dreamt up by video game boys and is 100% resourceful and successful
X-men (2000) - female super heroes are just as important and “cool” as the male ones
Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon (2000)- Focused around women ho can skilfully beat up everybody
It was in the 1990’s that gender roles on T.V became more equal and non-stereotyped, however majority of lead roles were males.
In prime T.V 1992-1993 61% of speaking roles were men and in 1995-1996 this increased to 63%.
However in 1995-1996 it was found in a greater range of programmes 43% of major actors were female
In the study done in 1992-1993 it was found only 3% of women were represented as housewives as their occupation- this was a major decrease from the 1970s.
Elasmer, Hasegawa and Brain (1999)- found “women on prime T.V in early 1990s were young, single, independent, and had free from family and work place pressures”
FEMALE ROLE MODELS
Programmes such as "Ally McBeal" (1997) and "Sex and the City" (1998) put successful women at the forefront and focuses on their paths to and for sex, pleasure and romantic love. This then shows women in a different light, representing them as provocative and promiscuous, rather than the traditional House wife and Homemaker.
Friends - shows that there has been an increase in equality between both genders.
A study by psychologists, Muncer, Campbell, Jervis and Lewis (2001), respond to the growing concern of the Media term "Ladettes", these are women who are assertive with an aggressive attitude which are usually associated with "Lads". The study talks about whether "girls power" leads to "girl violence".
GENDER REPRESENTATIONS IN SOME RECENT MOVIES
Lara Croft Tomb Raider (2001)-“girl power icon is dreamt up by video game boys and is 100% resourceful and successful
X-men (2000) - female super heroes are just as important and “cool” as the male ones
Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon (2000)- Focused around women ho can skilfully beat up everybody
Friday, 21 November 2008
5 key points of the essay
The introduction is very clear and precise, it doesn’t waffle on about any irrelevant points and shows clearly what the essay is about.
Women are rising in status throughout the media down to the use of naked and explicit photos spread and images.
Good textual analysis and includes critical analysing the text using key concepts.
Media Theory is used throughout such as - Mulvey
"Modern magazine follow the conventions of Playboy, in which women are depicted as objects for men's contemplation and enjoyment".-use Sophisticated language and makes it flow.
The introduction is very clear and precise, it doesn’t waffle on about any irrelevant points and shows clearly what the essay is about.
Women are rising in status throughout the media down to the use of naked and explicit photos spread and images.
Good textual analysis and includes critical analysing the text using key concepts.
Media Theory is used throughout such as - Mulvey
"Modern magazine follow the conventions of Playboy, in which women are depicted as objects for men's contemplation and enjoyment".-use Sophisticated language and makes it flow.
Thursday, 20 November 2008
Pluralists or Marxists?
The hegemonic model developed by Gramsci suggests the audience is passive and controlled by the dominant ideologies fed to them by the ruling class, who own mass media i.e. Rupert Murdock. Marxist theorists such as Marcuse suggest the audience is in a “false consciousness”, meaning we the audience believe were making our own choices, but in actual fact we’re conforming to expectations of what the ruling class wants us to be like. The Marxist theory was developed around the 1920’s which is clearly seen by it’s old fashioned views, although it does relate to contemporary media, it doesn’t take into account how much the media and it’s audience has developed.
Furthermore there is a much wider range in what we want to view, and the Pluralist model acknowledges the audience as active. There are theories to back this up such as Kat and Blumer’s Uses & Gratification theory, which suggests the audience, uses the media, moreover the Reception theory states the audience have different readings of the media. This theory argues the media reflects the societies shared beliefs and ideologies, and if it doesn’t, because the media has become polyvalent the audience will choose a different text to watch.
The hegemonic model developed by Gramsci suggests the audience is passive and controlled by the dominant ideologies fed to them by the ruling class, who own mass media i.e. Rupert Murdock. Marxist theorists such as Marcuse suggest the audience is in a “false consciousness”, meaning we the audience believe were making our own choices, but in actual fact we’re conforming to expectations of what the ruling class wants us to be like. The Marxist theory was developed around the 1920’s which is clearly seen by it’s old fashioned views, although it does relate to contemporary media, it doesn’t take into account how much the media and it’s audience has developed.
Furthermore there is a much wider range in what we want to view, and the Pluralist model acknowledges the audience as active. There are theories to back this up such as Kat and Blumer’s Uses & Gratification theory, which suggests the audience, uses the media, moreover the Reception theory states the audience have different readings of the media. This theory argues the media reflects the societies shared beliefs and ideologies, and if it doesn’t, because the media has become polyvalent the audience will choose a different text to watch.
Monday, 17 November 2008
Analysis of clip
-One major symbol in the clip is Fox’s gun which symbolises the phallic symbol. In other words it makes up for what she hasn’t therefore giving her power. This connotes in order to be powerful you need to have a penis or something that can replace it, in her case it’s a gun.
-In the first couple of seconds there is a long shot of Wesley crouching with his hand on top of his head whilst a truck id driving straight for him, this connotes he is scared and to terrified to move, then the fact Fox comes out of nowhere with her fast car and saves him shows how much more braver she is than him. This it self connotes women are becoming more powerful and independent, which reflects the way women are in this day and age.
-Also the fact she is driving shows she is in control, which is further emphasised when he begs her to “please drive faster”, this shows she is more dominant in the situation which connotes women are more powerful in situations between themselves and men, it also connotes men are beginning to loose control ie “crisis of masculinity”.
-However at one point Fox is exposed to “male-gaze” as she went over the sun screen to shoot, her legs were in Wesley’s face as he makes the remark “woohoo” the music becomes more light hearted which connotes only one real purpose for a woman
-It’s a Hollywood movie, distributed by Universal Pictures mainly in multiplex cinema.
-It is an Action-Fantasy. It follows conventions of both as the fast cars, explosions, and guns clearly connote Action, where as an ordinary guy turning into the number one assassin clearly convoys fantasy.
-Women are represented as powerful in this clip, but also as sex objects due to her revealing clothes and camera angles directly looking at her legs.
-Men are represented as the sex which is loosing control and also the more dumber sex, also the fact the people after them are men and in the end of the clip she wins also shows women are becoming much more powerful in society today.
-This appeals to both a male and female audience aged 17-30.
-The narrative roles are interesting as Propps theory of the male being the hero and women being rescued is reversed as Fox is rescuing him.
-Todrovs theory can also be applied as they are a disequilibrium phase and need to get out of it.
-One major symbol in the clip is Fox’s gun which symbolises the phallic symbol. In other words it makes up for what she hasn’t therefore giving her power. This connotes in order to be powerful you need to have a penis or something that can replace it, in her case it’s a gun.
-In the first couple of seconds there is a long shot of Wesley crouching with his hand on top of his head whilst a truck id driving straight for him, this connotes he is scared and to terrified to move, then the fact Fox comes out of nowhere with her fast car and saves him shows how much more braver she is than him. This it self connotes women are becoming more powerful and independent, which reflects the way women are in this day and age.
-Also the fact she is driving shows she is in control, which is further emphasised when he begs her to “please drive faster”, this shows she is more dominant in the situation which connotes women are more powerful in situations between themselves and men, it also connotes men are beginning to loose control ie “crisis of masculinity”.
-However at one point Fox is exposed to “male-gaze” as she went over the sun screen to shoot, her legs were in Wesley’s face as he makes the remark “woohoo” the music becomes more light hearted which connotes only one real purpose for a woman
-It’s a Hollywood movie, distributed by Universal Pictures mainly in multiplex cinema.
-It is an Action-Fantasy. It follows conventions of both as the fast cars, explosions, and guns clearly connote Action, where as an ordinary guy turning into the number one assassin clearly convoys fantasy.
-Women are represented as powerful in this clip, but also as sex objects due to her revealing clothes and camera angles directly looking at her legs.
-Men are represented as the sex which is loosing control and also the more dumber sex, also the fact the people after them are men and in the end of the clip she wins also shows women are becoming much more powerful in society today.
-This appeals to both a male and female audience aged 17-30.
-The narrative roles are interesting as Propps theory of the male being the hero and women being rescued is reversed as Fox is rescuing him.
-Todrovs theory can also be applied as they are a disequilibrium phase and need to get out of it.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)